MNT:高危孕妇妊娠期糖尿病是可以预防的

2015-07-31 MedSci MedSci原创

高危孕妇妊娠期糖尿病是可以预防的世界范围内,肥胖和超重的发病率一直在上升,发达国家中存在高达60%的育龄妇女超重或肥胖。肥胖是妊娠并发症(如妊娠期糖尿病GDM)的危险因素,而GDM发过来又可预测未来糖尿病的发生。妊娠期糖尿病及孕妇肥胖还可能增加其后代肥胖的易感性,并损伤机体的糖调节功能。因此,亟需一种有效干预措施以预防GDM的发生。然而,既往GDM预防研究的结果并不一致,对GDM发病率的影响也较小




世界范围内,肥胖和超重的发病率一直在上升,发达国家中存在高达60%的育龄妇女超重或肥胖。肥胖是妊娠并发症(如妊娠期糖尿病GDM)的危险因素,而GDM发过来又可预测未来糖尿病的发生。妊娠期糖尿病及孕妇肥胖还可能增加其后代肥胖的易感性,并损伤机体的糖调节功能。因此,亟需一种有效干预措施以预防GDM的发生。然而,既往GDM预防研究的结果并不一致,对GDM发病率的影响也较小。

2008年至2014年,芬兰妊娠糖尿病预防研究(RADIEL)进行了研究,共纳入293例GDM患者或孕前体重指数>30kg/m2的孕妇,孕龄小于20周(平均13周)。将其随机分为干预组(155例)和对照组(138例)。干预组接受个性化饮食训练,听取营养师的建议,有经验的护士控制其身体活动及体重,而对照组则给予标准产前护理。

基于孕期第24-48周时口服75g葡萄糖来诊断GDM。

结果发现两组之间差异十分明显,干预组GDM的发生率为13.9%,而对照组则为21.6%。与对照组相比,干预组孕妇体重增加较小,且干预组孕妇闲暇时间的体力活动量增加,膳食质量提高。“一个简单且个性化的生活方式干预将高危孕妇患GDM的风险降低了39%,”自赫尔辛基大学医院的一名医生Saila Koivusalo 说道。

“这些好的结果的一个可能解释是招募至此项研究的女性处于高危状态。以前的一些生活方式干预研究的女性发生GDM的风险仅为中度,或者未纳入其同质性研究对象。”本研究中,干预措施针对存在GDM史且/或BMI>30 kg/m2的高危孕妇。

怀孕生活方式改变的一个特殊的时期,必须给予个性化指导。

“在RADIEL中williamhill asia 认为,体力活动咨询服务中参与者的个人参数或可帮助他们参加活动。需要时,怀孕期间咨询服务内容仍需要修改。例如,若发生产前宫缩且参与者不能进行活动,那么咨询服务的重点应在饮食方面。生活方式建议应容易操作且适用于日常生活,”Dr. Koivusalo说道,“看看williamhill asia 的结果是否对母亲和孩子日后的健康有影响将十分有趣。”

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    2015-08-02 wjcjjian

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