Nat Commun:新型免疫疗法“高效”治疗乙型肝炎

2021-06-09 Viho MedSci原创

英国伦敦大学的科学家们已经确定了一种新的免疫疗法来对抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),这项开创性的研究使用了直接从病人肝脏和肿瘤组织中分离出来的免疫细胞。

乙肝是肝癌最常见的原因,每年,在全球范围内,慢性HBV导致约88万人死于肝硬化和肝细胞癌/肝癌(HCC)。而肝癌是导致癌症相关死亡的第三大最常见原因;因此,迫切需要更有效的治疗。

英国伦敦大学的科学家们已经确定了一种新的免疫疗法来对抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),这项开创性的研究使用了直接从病人肝脏和肿瘤组织中分离出来的免疫细胞,以显示针对酰基-CoA:胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT),一种帮助管理细胞中胆固醇水平的酶*,对提高免疫反应非常有效。

发表在Nature Communications上的研究结果显示,用ACAT抑制剂阻断ACAT的活性能促进特定的免疫细胞对抗病毒和相关的癌症肿瘤,显示出其作为一种免疫疗法的有效性。抑制ACAT还被发现能阻碍HBV自身的复制,从而也起到了直接抗病毒的作用。口服ACAT抑制剂之前已被证明作为人类的降胆固醇药物具有良好的耐受性。

"开发新的治疗方案对于改善病人护理至关重要。T细胞等免疫细胞对于对抗病毒和肿瘤是不可或缺的,能够特异性地识别和消除病毒感染或转化的肝细胞;持续的T细胞免疫监测对于控制残留的、不能被抗病毒药物消除的表没体和整合的HBVdna的转录以及限制肿瘤的发生和发展至关重要。目前的标准治疗方法往往不能消除病毒,不能防止癌症发展,也不能拯救免疫细胞。

胆固醇是人体每天在饮食中摄入的一种脂质(脂肪),它可以在身体的不同细胞内发挥多种功能。HBV感染肝脏,这是一个高度富含胆固醇的器官,并以限制局部免疫反应而闻名。

这项研究中,研究人员利用体外的人类肝脏疾病组织样本, ACAT抑制剂提高了人类抗病毒T细胞的能力,能够消除病毒。这种反应与目前可用的治疗方法形成鲜明对比。在HBV感染的肝脏和肝癌内发现的T细胞中,免疫增强效果尤为突出,克服了免疫细胞功能的局部限制,使T细胞能够同时针对病毒和癌细胞。

ACAT抑制增强外周和肝内乙肝病毒特异性CD8+T细胞

随后,Maini小组与牛津大学Jane McKeating教授的实验室合作,证明ACAT抑制剂也能以其他抗病毒药物无法做到的方式阻断HBV的生命周期。因此,这些药物具有独特的抗病毒和免疫治疗效果的组合。说明已经找到了治疗慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染和肝癌的一个高效的新目标。

用ACAT抑制剂调节胆固醇代谢,具有直接针对病毒和肿瘤的独特功能,同时又能增强对抗它们的T细胞。这让williamhill asia 能够同时从多个方向处理这种疾病"。

现在人们已经知道这种胆固醇调节药物在人体中是安全的,希望这些研究现在能够为胆固醇调节与其他免疫疗法相结合的临床试验的发展提供参考。总之,这些发现为治疗慢性病毒感染和癌症患者提供了令人兴奋的新可能性。

ACAT在体外调节HBV颗粒的生成,抑制剂可以减少病毒和亚病毒颗粒。ACAT的抑制提供了一个代谢检查点的范例,它能够制约肿瘤和病毒,也能拯救衰竭的T细胞,使其成为HBVHBV相关HCC功能性治愈的一个有吸引力的治疗目标。

文章出处:Nathalie M. Schmidt, Peter A. C. Wing, Mariana O. Diniz, Laura J. Pallett, Leo Swadling, James M. Harris, Alice R. Burton, Anna Jeffery-Smith, Nekisa Zakeri, Oliver E. Amin, Stephanie Kucykowicz, Mirjam H. Heemskerk, Brian Davidson, Tim Meyer, Joe Grove, Hans J. Stauss, Ines Pineda-Torra, Clare Jolly, Elizabeth C. Jury, Jane A. McKeating, Mala K. Maini. Targeting human Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase as a dual viral and T cell metabolic checkpointNature Communications, 2021; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22967-7

 

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    2022-05-07 liuli5079

    #COMMUN#

    0

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    2021-10-28 okhuali
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    2021-10-26 jiazhoudexue

    估计五年之内乙肝的治疗就像感冒那么简单

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    2022-03-15 liye789132251

    #Nat#

    0

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    2021-06-12 zt123

    学习了一下

    0

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慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)是一个全球性的健康问题,全球约有2.5亿人受到影响,患有CHB的人会发生各种不良后果,例如肝失代偿,肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)。

拓展阅读

PLoS One:免疫疗法可显著改善儿童1型糖尿病患者的血糖水平,但胰岛功能改善尚待观察

免疫疗法可显著改善T1DM患者的HbA1c水平,提示其潜在控糖优势;但C肽水平提升和胰岛素用量减少未达统计学显著性,可能与药物异质性及样本量限制有关。

免疫治疗时代的放射治疗

免疫疗法用于癌症治疗,但仅部分患者有效。放疗与免疫治疗联合有利有弊,选择合适方案、时间等策略可增强协同效应,为癌症治疗提供新思路。

Nat Cancer:DOT细胞疗法通过双重调节NKG2D和免疫检查点显著提升抗肿瘤效果

该研究揭示了DOT细胞疗法在结直肠癌(CRC)治疗中的潜力和挑战,阐明了通过双重调节细胞毒性受体NKG2D及免疫检查点受体PD1与TIGIT,可有效增强DOT细胞的抗肿瘤效果。

Nature Medicine:难治性胃肠道肿瘤患者的福音:新型免疫疗法临床试验取得积极进展

研究针对难治性胃肠道肿瘤,以新抗原特异性肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞治疗。单药治疗有一定效果,联合 PD-1 抑制剂帕博利珠单抗疗效显著提升,还识别出与治疗反应相关的信号通路及潜在生物标志物。

Cell:癌症治疗迎来新曙光:免疫细胞“高清地图”指引肺癌精准治疗新方向

《Cell》研究通过单细胞RNA测序分析234名抗PD-1治疗的NSCLC患者肿瘤样本,划分肺癌肿瘤免疫微环境为5种亚型,找出预测免疫疗效及预后的关键免疫细胞,为精准免疫治疗提供依据。