不同抗精神病药物对患者各认知领域的影响

2022-09-15 网络 网络

认知是人类最基本的心理过程,包括感觉、知觉、记忆、思维、想象和语言等。认知功能的完好是人正常生活和参与社会劳动的前提,而患有慢性精神病的人常常会出现不同程度的广泛性认知功能损害。精神领域的学者将是否存

认知是人类最基本的心理过程,包括感觉知觉记忆思维、想象和语言等。认知功能的完好是人正常生活和参与社会劳动的前提,而患有慢性精神病的人常常会出现不同程度的广泛性认知功能损害。精神领域的学者将是否存在认知缺陷作为精神障碍的核心特征和个人社会功能的最佳预测指标。

所幸williamhill asia 发现抗精神病药物,尤其是第二代抗精神病药物在治疗精神症状的同时还能够对患者的认知功能起到一定的改善作用,但究竟不同的抗精神病药物能够在多大程度上影响患者的认知呢。

为此研究者们进行了详细的分析,比较了多种抗精神病药物在对精神分裂症患者认知综合评分和九个认知领域(处理速度、注意力、运动表现、视觉构造、记忆和语言学习、 视觉学习、社会认知、工作记忆和执行功能)方面的影响。

1.氨磺必利:在记忆和语言学习、执行功能和处理速度方面表现较好。在认知综合评分、注意力、记忆力和语言学习、处理速度方面位列第一。

2.氯氮平:在认知综合评分、执行功能、记忆和语言学习以及视觉构造方面表现较差。

3.氟哌啶醇:在所有认知领域均表现不佳,在所有排名中居于最后。

4.鲁拉西酮:在认知综合评分、执行功能和处理速度方面表现较好。在认知综合得分、注意力和工作记忆方面位列第一。

5.奥氮平:在认知综合评分和九个领域中的七个方面都表现良好,在运动表现和视觉构造方面位列第一。

6.奋乃静:在认知综合评分、执行功能、工作记忆、记忆和语言学习方面表现较好。在执行功能上位列第一。

7.喹硫平:在注意力、执行功能、记忆力和语言学习和处理速度方面表现较好。

8.瑞莫必利:在执行功能和处理速度方面表现较差,在这些领域中排名最后。

9.利培酮:在执行功能、处理速度、记忆和语言学习方面表现较好。

10.舍吲哚:在处理速度和执行功能上表现较好,位列第一。

11.齐拉西酮:在认知综合评分、执行功能和处理速度、工作记忆、记忆和语言学习方面表现较好。在工作记忆方面位列第一。

总而言之,研究发现与其他抗精神病药相比,氨磺必利在语言学习方面表现更好;喹硫平能改善认知综合评分、注意力和语言学习能力;奥氮平在认知综合评分和大多数认知领域都表现良好;利培酮能对执行功能和语言学习方面产生有益影响;奋乃静能改善认知综合评分、执行功能、工作记忆和语言学习能力;舍吲哚能影响处理速度;齐拉西酮对认知综合评分、工作记忆和语言学习有改善作用;鲁拉西酮能改善认知综合评分。

相反,氟哌啶醇在所有认知领域的表现都较差,在所有排名中均处于最后位置;氯氮平在认知综合评分、执行功能、语言学习和视觉构建方面表现较差。

最后借此研究希望今后临床医生在评估患者和选择抗精神病药物时,除了考虑到疗效和不良反应,还应尽可能的考虑到每种药物对认知的影响,尤其是对已经存在认知缺陷的患者,因为认知可能会影响疾病的核心特征,从而影响患者的日常功能。

 

参考文献

Baldez DP, Biazus TB, Rabelo-da-Ponte FD, et al. The effect of antipsychotics on the cognitive performance of individuals with psychotic disorders: Network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV R. 2021-07-01;126:265-275.

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